As industry engineers and designers contemplate the transition to more vehicle autonomy, they're looking especially hard at what happens in Level 3 automation, as defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
In the Level 3 scenario, the driver's hands could be completely off the steering wheel for extended periods. But drivers have the option of resuming control.
What happens to the steering wheel when it's not needed for driving? How does it return when the driver opts to retake control? And how fast should the entire transition happen? It's a complex issue, fraught with engineering and design challenges.
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